光切片图像的质量与使用的重构算法直接相关，传统的均方根算法虽然简洁，但在原始图像信噪比和条纹对比度不高时重构效果不佳，得到的三维重建结果并不理想。针对该问题，提出一种去背景和去卷积相结合的光切片方法。与传统均方根算法相比，该方法能有效减少残留条纹，提高微小细节的可见性。实验搭建了一套基于数字微镜器件的结构照明显微系统，以小鼠肾脏细胞、牛肺动脉内皮细胞等为样品进行了光切片实验。实验结果表明，该方法能获得更好的光切片和三维成像效果。

定量相位成像具有无标记、非入侵及三维观测的特点，在生物医学、工业检测等领域有着显著的优势。本文提出利用二维朗奇相位光栅实现基于四波横向剪切干涉的定量相位成像的方法。理论分析了光栅周期和照明波长对四波剪切干涉的影响，得到了光栅周期与探测器像素尺寸的最佳匹配关系，论证了宽光谱光源照明下定量相位成像的可行性。实验搭建了结构紧凑的四波剪切干涉定量相位显微成像装置，实现了对PMMA微球、微透镜阵列和葡根霉菌切片的定量相位成像和测量。该装置可方便地与普通光学显微镜相结合，具有巨大的应用潜力。

作为电磁波，光场可用振幅、相位和偏振等参量表征，空间光场调控技术通过对这些参量进行调控，生成新颖的空间结构光场。与其它类型调控器件相比，液晶空间光调制器具有衍射效率高、调控单元数目达到百万量级、实时动态调控等优点，已成为空间光场调控的主流器件。介绍了基于液晶空间光调制器的光场调控技术，包括：单参量调控、复振幅调控和多参量联合调控的原理和算法；例举了光场调控技术在全息光镊、光学显微、光信息存储、光学微加工、散射介质后成像、光通信等领域的应用；讨论了该技术面临的问题、发展趋势和发展前景；旨在帮助研究者系统了解基于液晶空间光调制器的光场调控技术的基本知识、最新研究进展和潜在应用，为该领域的科学研究提供参考。

Dual-wavelength in-line digital holography (DIDH) is one of the popular methods for quantitative phase imaging of objects with non-contact and high-accuracy features. Two technical challenges in the reconstruction of these objects include suppressing the amplified noise and the twin-image that respectively originate from the phase difference and the phase-conjugated wavefronts. In contrast to the conventional methods, the deep learning network has become a powerful tool for estimating phase information in DIDH with the assistance of noise suppressing or twin-image removing ability. However, most of the current deep learning-based methods rely on supervised learning and training instances, thereby resulting in weakness when it comes to applying this training to practical imaging settings. In this paper, a new DIDH network (DIDH-Net) is proposed, which encapsulates the prior image information and the physical imaging process in an untrained deep neural network. The DIDH-Net can effectively suppress the amplified noise and the twin-image of the DIDH simultaneously by automatically adjusting the weights of the network. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method with robust phase reconstruction is well suited to improve the imaging performance of DIDH.

相移数字全息技术将相移技术与数字全息技术相结合，为微观物体的三维形貌和折射率分布检测提供了一种快速、无损、高精度手段。与离轴数字全息相比，相移数字全息采用同轴光路，可以充分利用CCD相机的空间带宽积。然而，传统相移数字全息需要依次记录多幅不同相移量全息图，才能消除零级像和共轭像，再现出无混叠的相位/振幅图像。同步相移又称瞬时相移，可在同一时间得到多幅不同相移量的干涉图样，克服普通相移干涉不能实时观测的缺点。介绍了相移的概念和实现方式，基于多CCD记录、像素掩膜、平行分光的三种同步相移技术，对同步相移数字全息在生物医学、流场测量、表面形貌测量、微纳器件检测等领域的应用进行综述，为从事同步相移数字全息技术及其应用研究的学者提供有益参考。

We present a Fizeau interferometer using a microscopic objective as a tool for surface contouring without the need for a numerical lens for reconstruction. The interferometer is associated with a telescope system to feature the object with collimated light. The experiment is conducted on two objects possessing different step heights. The phase maps from the captured off-axis holograms are calculated numerically, which allows us to deduce the contours of the objects. The great advantages of the presented technique are that it can be done in real time and there is no need for numerical lenses for micro-objects reconstruction.

When structured illumination is used in digital holographic microscopy (DHM), each direction of the illumination fringe is required to be shifted at least three times to perform the phase-shifting reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a scheme for spatial resolution enhancement of DHM by using the structured illumination but without phase shifting. The structured illuminations of different directions, which are generated by a spatial light modulator, illuminate the sample sequentially in the object plane. The formed object waves interfere with a reference wave in an off-axis configuration, and a CCD camera records the generated hologram. After the object waves are reconstructed numerically, a synthetic aperture is performed by an iterative algorithm to enhance the spatial resolution. The resolution improvement of the proposed method is proved and demonstrated by both simulation and experiment.